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Table of contents
Other Keratopathies

This page covers the other types of corneal disease that have not been discussed yet.


Neurotrophic Keratopathy

This is corneal ulceration caused by denervation.


Pathology

Pathomechanism

  • Loss of trigeminal innervation to cornea → intracellular oedema, loss of goblet cells → dry eye → ulceration

Causes

  • Stroke
  • Diabetes
  • Herpes

Presentation

  • Reduced corneal sensation (painless)
  • Persistent epithelial defect with stromal oedema and melting

Management

  • Topical lubrication
  • Anti-collagenase agents such as tetracyclines
  • Cenegermin
  • Ocular surface protection as discussed in ‘dry eye’

Cenegermin - A topical recombinant human nerve growth factor which has shown some benefit in studies


Exposure Keratopathy

If the cornea is exposed to the external environment for a prolonged period, it becomes dry and ulcerated.

The cornea is extremely sensitive, if you keep your eyes open now, the burning sensation is mostly from the cornea.


Pathology

Pathomechanism

  • Lagophthalmos (inability to close the lids) leads to drying of the ocular surface and eventual ulceration

Causes

  • CN7 Palsy
  • Conjunctival cicatrix
  • Ectropion
  • Exophthalmos

Presentation

  • Dry gritty eye
  • Foreign body sensation

Management

  • See ‘dry eye’

Metabolic Keratopathies

This is a collection of diseases which involve characteristic deposits in the cornea.


Pathology

Diagnostics

Management

Wilson’s disease

Autosomal recessive deficiency of serum ceruloplasmin, leads to systemic deposition of copper.

Presentation:

  • Young person
  • Neuropsychiatric symptoms: arthralgia and ataxia
  • Hepatic symptoms

Characteristic Kayser–Fleischer rings - Yellow copper deposition in descemet's membrane

Penicillamine (chelating agent)

Band keratopathy

Calcium deposition in Bowman's layer

Typically idiopathic but is associated with hypercalcemic states.

Often asymptomatic

Chelation with EDTA

Fabry disease

X-linked lysosomal storage disorder.

Caused by deficiency in alpha-galactosidase enzyme A.

Presentation:

  • Acroparesthesia
  • Heart and kidney disease
  • Golden vortex keratopathy
  • Posterior cataract

Kayser-Fleischer ring By Herbert L. Fred, MD, Hendrik A. van Dijk, CC BY 3.0.


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